Zero-energy homes can save an average of $1,500 annually on energy costs, equivalent to a $30,000 home mortgage over 20 years.
Typical Components
1Insulation
High-performance insulation in walls, roofs, and floors to prevent heat loss and gain, creating a comfortable interior environment.
2Windows
Triple-paned windows that reduce heat loss in winter and heat gain in summer, enhancing energy efficiency.
3HVAC system
High-efficiency heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems that maintain optimal indoor air quality and temperature.
4Appliances
Energy-efficient appliances that consume less power.
5LED Lighting
Low-energy LED lights that significantly cut electricity usage.
6Solar Panels
Rooftop solar panels that generate renewable energy.
7Energy Recovery Ventilation (ERV)
Systems that use exhaust air to precondition incoming fresh air, reducing HVAC load.
8Thermal Mass
Materials that store heat during the day and release it at night, reducing heating/cooling needs.
9Battery Storage
Systems that store excess solar energy for use when needed.
10Smart Metering
Monitors that track energy use, promoting efficient habits.
Pros
- Energy Savings and Fixed Costs: The most significant advantage of net zero homes is substantial energy savings. While these homes may have higher upfront costs compared to traditional homes, they result in reduced, predictable utility costs over time, often completely negating electricity bills.
- Environmental Impact: By using renewable energy and efficient appliances, these homes drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional houses, contributing to global climate change mitigation efforts.
- Resilience and Independence: These homes are less reliant on the grid, providing energy security during power outages. Solar panels and battery storage offer a level of energy independence that traditional homes cannot.
Cons
- Higher Initial Costs: The advanced technology and high-quality materials used in net zero homes can lead to higher upfront costs than traditional homes. However, these costs are often offset by future energy savings.
- Availability and Expertise: It can be challenging to find builders with the necessary expertise to construct these homes, and not all locations have the infrastructure to support net zero designs.
- Variable Energy Production: Energy production can vary based on location, season, and weather. Homes in areas with less sunlight or extreme climates might struggle to generate enough energy to become truly net zero, necessitating some reliance on the grid.
Costs
The cost of building a net zero home can vary widely based on location, size of the house, construction materials used, and the type and size of the renewable energy system installed. On average, it can cost anywhere from $250 to $350 per square foot to build a net zero energy home. This cost includes high-quality materials, advanced technologies, and specialized labor.
The cost premium over standard construction is typically around 5-10% more. However, it’s important to note that while upfront costs might be higher, homeowners will recoup the additional expenses over time through significantly lower utility bills. In fact, the lifetime cost (mortgage plus energy bills) of a net zero home can be less than that of a traditional home.
As energy costs rise and the cost of renewable energy technologies decreases, the price premium for building net zero energy homes is expected to shrink, making them increasingly affordable.
Hiring Pros
- Research Professionals: Start your search with trusted websites such as those found in our resources.
- Check Experience and Credentials: Look for professionals with a proven track record in net zero homes, and ensure they hold relevant certifications like LEED or Passive House.
- Ask for References: Request and contact past clients to learn about their experiences. Visit finished projects if possible.
- Detailed Quotes: Get detailed cost estimates and timelines. Understand what’s included and any potential extra costs for custom features.
- Communication: Choose a professional who communicates clearly and promptly, ensuring a smooth building process and that your expectations are understood and met.
Do It Yourself
- Educate Yourself: Start your search with trusted books & websites such as those found in our resources.
- Know Your Limits: Some tasks, like installing solar panels or an HVAC system, may require professional help due to safety and regulatory concerns. Understand what tasks you can feasibly do yourself.
- Comply with Building Codes: Always ensure your designs and alterations comply with local building codes. Consult with an expert if necessary.
- Monitor Progress: Regularly monitor your energy usage and savings to ensure your project’s success and adjust plans as necessary.
Tips for Renters
Looking for a Rental:
1Ask Specific Questions
Inquire about energy-efficient features like insulation, HVAC systems, and solar panels. Request proof of energy efficiency, such as a HERS index score or ENERGY STAR certification.
2Consider Utility Costs
3Search Specialized Platforms
Use online platforms that list energy-efficient rentals, such as https://www.greenhomesforsale.com/ or local real estate websites.
Tips for Designers & Builders
For the Design Team:
1Integrated Design Process
Adopt an integrated design process, where all team members, including architects, engineers, and energy consultants, collaborate from the project’s inception. This approach helps align everyone with the zero-energy goal, facilitating more effective design solutions that incorporate energy efficiency, renewable energy, and occupant comfort.
2Balance Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Prioritize energy efficiency first. Design features like home orientation, insulation, and energy-efficient appliances should take precedence over renewable energy systems. Once you’ve minimized energy needs, assess the appropriate renewable energy options, such as solar panels.
3Consider Local Climate
Design elements should respond to local climate conditions. Use passive design strategies for heating, cooling, and lighting. For example, in hot climates, consider shading devices and in cooler climates, maximize south-facing windows for solar gain.
For the Builder:
1Quality Construction and Workmanship
The performance of a zero-energy home largely depends on the quality of construction. Meticulous attention to detail, especially in insulation installation, air sealing, and construction of the building envelope, is crucial.
2Continuous Learning and Training
Zero-energy home construction may require new skills and knowledge. Regular training on the latest technologies, methods, and materials can help maintain high standards.
3Performance Testing
Conduct rigorous performance testing, including blower door tests and thermal imaging, during and after construction. This ensures the home’s energy efficiency, allowing for adjustments as necessary to meet the zero-energy goal.
1Integrated Design Process
Adopt an integrated design process, where all team members, including architects, engineers, and energy consultants, collaborate from the project’s inception. This approach helps align everyone with the zero-energy goal, facilitating more effective design solutions that incorporate energy efficiency, renewable energy, and occupant comfort.
1Quality Construction and Workmanship
The performance of a zero-energy home largely depends on the quality of construction. Meticulous attention to detail, especially in insulation installation, air sealing, and construction of the building envelope, is crucial.
2Balance Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Prioritize energy efficiency first. Design features like home orientation, insulation, and energy-efficient appliances should take precedence over renewable energy systems. Once you’ve minimized energy needs, assess the appropriate renewable energy options, such as solar panels.
2Continuous Learning and Training
Zero-energy home construction may require new skills and knowledge. Regular training on the latest technologies, methods, and materials can help maintain high standards.
3Consider Local Climate
Design elements should respond to local climate conditions. Use passive design strategies for heating, cooling, and lighting. For example, in hot climates, consider shading devices and in cooler climates, maximize south-facing windows for solar gain.
3Performance Testing
Conduct rigorous performance testing, including blower door tests and thermal imaging, during and after construction. This ensures the home’s energy efficiency, allowing for adjustments as necessary to meet the zero-energy goal.
Resources
Books:
- “Live in a Home that Pays You Back: A Complete Guide to Net Zero and Energy-Efficient Homes” by Anna Desimone.
- “The New Net Zero: Leading-Edge Design and Construction of Homes and Buildings for a Renewable Energy Future” by Bill Maclay.
Websites:
- Building Science Corporation: Zeroing In: https://buildingscience.com/documents/insights/bsi-081-zeroing-in.
- U.S. Department of Energy; – Zero Energy Ready Home program: https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/zero-energy-ready-home-program.
- Zero Energy Project: https://zeroenergyproject.com.
